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Hard Drives

  • SCSI and SATA Drives are mounted at /dev/sda0. a = Device, 0 = Partition.
  • NVMe Drives ar mounted at /dev/nvme0n1p1. Numbers stand for Controller, Device, Partition.
  • Use GPT not MBR

File Systems​

  • XFS
    • Can only be extended not shrinked
    • No file size limit
  • Ext4
    • Can be extended and shrinked

Show available drives and partitions​

lsblk

Create partition (parted)​

parted
? // print help

select /dev/sdb

print  // print device info

mklabel gpt

mkpart
// Name e.g. home
// Type xfs
// Start e.g. 1
// End e.g. 1g or 1000MiB

Tell Kernel about new Partition

partprobe

Generate UUIDs

udevadm settle
blkid

Create partition (gdisk)​

gdisk -l /dev/sdb
? // print help

o // create GPT
p // print partition table
n // new partition
// ENTER for next free sector
// +500M
// 8300 Linux file system

w // write changes to disk

Delete partition (gdisk)​

d 1 // delete partition 1
w // write changes

Check changes:

blkid

Tell Kernel about new Partition

partprobe

Format Partition​

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

Mount Partition​

mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt

Unmount Partition​

umount /mnt

If someone is using the partition list the process:

lsof /mnt/
  • Create Testfile
dd if=/dev/random of=test bs=1M count=100

Automount device on boot (fstab)​

In /etc/fstab:

<ID> <Mounting Point> <Format> <Options> <Dump> <Pass>
/dev/sda1 /mnt/hdd0 xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=9382-34... /mnt/hdd1 xfs defaults 0 0

Test if it worked:

mount -a

Inform systemd about the changes:

systemctl daemon-reload

Automount device on boot (systemd)​

In /etc/systemd/system/hdd0.mount write:

[Unit]
Description=MountHdd0

[Mount]
Where=/mount/hdd0
What=/dev/disk/by-uuid/3fd2123-...
Type=ext4
Options=defaults

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
systemctl daemon-reload

Try out:

systemctl start hdd0.mount

Load on boot:

systemctl enable hdd0.mount
systemctl list-unit-files -t mount

AutoFS​

sudo apt install autofs
systemctl enable --now autofs

In /etc/auto.master add:


XFSDump and XFSRestore​

xfsdump -l 0 -f /root/monday.fullbackup /database
# -l <level> 0 = full backup
  • Show which dumps exist:
xfsdump -I
xfsrestore -f /root/monday.fullbackup /database